Which side effect is associated with loop diuretics due to electrolyte loss?

Loop diuretics, such as furosemide (Lasix), promote the excretion of water and electrolytes, particularly by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys. One of the significant side effects of this mechanism is the loss of potassium through urine, which can lead to a condition known as hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia means that there is an abnormally low level of potassium in the blood. This can cause various symptoms, such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias. Because loop diuretics increase urine production and promote potassium excretion, monitoring potassium levels during therapy is essential. Adequate supplementation or dietary management may be necessary to prevent or manage hypokalemia in patients receiving loop diuretics.

The other conditions listed, such as hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), hyponatremia (low sodium levels), and hypercalcemia (high calcium levels), are not typical side effects associated with loop diuretics.