Which opioid side effect should the nurse anticipate in a patient taking fentanyl?

In patients taking fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic, one of the most common side effects encountered is constipation. Opioids, including fentanyl, interact with specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to decreased peristalsis and increased absorption of fluids, which ultimately results in less frequent bowel movements and harder stools. This effect can be significant enough to necessitate proactive measures such as the use of laxatives or stool softeners, especially in patients on long-term opioid therapy. Recognizing and managing constipation is crucial for promoting patient comfort and maintaining gastrointestinal health while on opioid treatment.