What is the first-line medication prescribed for a patient diagnosed with Lyme disease?

Doxycycline is the first-line medication prescribed for Lyme disease due to its efficacy in treating the infection caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is transmitted through tick bites. This antibiotic works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, effectively stopping their growth and allowing the body’s immune system to eliminate the infection.

For early localized or early disseminated Lyme disease, doxycycline is particularly preferred, especially in adults and children over the age of eight because it can also address co-infections that may occur with Lyme disease. The choice of doxycycline is supported by clinical guidelines and extensive research that outlines its effectiveness and safety profile for this type of bacterial infection.

The other options listed serve entirely different purposes in healthcare. Enalapril is an antihypertensive used to manage high blood pressure and heart failure, not linked to the treatment of infections. Simvastatin is a statin medication used to manage cholesterol levels, and Famotidine is an H2-receptor antagonist that reduces stomach acid, commonly used for conditions like GERD or peptic ulcers. These medications do not have any role in treating Lyme disease, highlighting the importance of selecting the appropriate treatment based on the specific diagnosis.