What is a potential complication of prolonged use of salicylates in a child?

The potential complication associated with the prolonged use of salicylates in a child is Reye's syndrome. This is a serious condition that can occur when a child is given aspirin or other salicylate-containing medications during a viral illness, particularly when symptoms of the flu or chickenpox are present. Reye's syndrome is characterized by acute encephalopathy and fatty liver degeneration, which can lead to severe neurological issues and can be life-threatening.

The risk of Reye's syndrome is particularly emphasized in pediatric care, where alternative medications, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, are typically recommended for managing fever or pain in children to avoid this complication. This highlights the importance of careful medication management in pediatric patients to prevent potential adverse effects associated with certain drugs like salicylates.