What is a common adverse effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

Long-term glucocorticoid therapy is commonly associated with weight gain due to several physiological mechanisms. Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, can promote an increase in appetite and food intake, leading to higher caloric consumption. Additionally, these medications can alter metabolism by redistributing body fat, often resulting in an accumulation of fat in specific areas such as the abdomen and face, which is sometimes referred to as "moon facies."

Moreover, glucocorticoids can cause fluid retention, which may contribute to increased body weight but is distinct from true fat gain. Metabolic effects including insulin resistance can also contribute to a higher likelihood of weight gain. Understanding the implications of glucocorticoid therapy is vital for managing patients long-term and for educating them about potential lifestyle adjustments and monitoring necessary to mitigate this side effect.